Tools & Testing

94.5% of Hockey Websites Have Accessibility Errors. The Fix? Just 6 to 10 Hours.

Accessibility Team
23 min read
WCAGCanadaAccessibility TestingAODASports AccessibilityDigital InclusionHockey Canada
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Is hockey truly Canada's game? Not if 2.2 million Canadians with visual disabilities can't buy tickets, check scores, or watch highlights online.

We tested 145 Canadian hockey websites and found that 94.5% have accessibility barriers that exclude people with disabilities from participating in our national sport. The shocking part? Amateur organizations are doing better than the pros.

The Maritime Junior Hockey League (an amateur Tier 4 league) scored 99/100. The Vancouver Sun's Canucks coverage? Just 61/100. Sportsnet, which holds major NHL broadcast rights? 77/100.

Budget doesn't guarantee accessibility. Institutional commitment does.

Disclaimer: These results are based on automated testing using achecker's Free Web Accessibility Checker. No single tool can detect all accessibility barriers. Comprehensive evaluation should include multiple tools, manual review, and testing by people with disabilities.

Why This Matters

According to Statistics Canada's "Seeing Disabilities, 2022" report (released January 2025), 2.2 million Canadians aged 15 and older have a seeing disability (7.4% of the population). For these hockey fans, web accessibility is critical for using screen readers and other assistive technologies to access content.

Inaccessible websites prevent people with visual disabilities from purchasing tickets, checking scores, watching highlights with audio descriptions, reading news, and registering for programs. When images lack alt text, forms lack labels, or videos lack captions, these fans are excluded.

Meanwhile, Canada's accessibility legislation is strengthening. The Accessible Canada Act (2019) applies to national broadcasters. Provincial laws like Ontario's AODA (2005) actively issue fines. Organizations that ignore accessibility face legal and reputational risk.

Key Findings

The accessibility crisis is widespread but fixable:

  • Only 5.5% of sites (8 of 145) had zero errors
  • Average score: 84.5/100 (range: 61 to 99)
  • 65% of sites have 6 or fewer errors
  • Most common issues take just 6 to 10 hours to fix

Budget doesn't guarantee accessibility:

  • Amateur Maritime Junior Hockey League: 99/100
  • Universities average: 88.6/100
  • NHL teams average: 87.1/100
  • Sportsnet (major broadcaster): 77/100

Regional and language patterns:

  • Quebec (87.2) outscored BC (81.3) by 6 points
  • French sites scored 3.1 points higher than English
  • Bilingual sites scored highest (88.1)
  • Newer legislation correlates with lower scores

The most common barriers affect more than half of sites:

  • Missing alt text: 68% | Insufficient color contrast: 54% | Missing form labels: 47%

Top and Bottom Performers

Excellence at Any Budget

RankOrganizationScoreCategoryErrors
1Maritime Junior Hockey League99Junior A League0
2Ottawa Gee-Gees98University (OUA)0
3Brantford Bulldogs97Major Junior (OHL)1
3Victoriaville Tigres97Major Junior (QMJHL)1
5Calgary Herald96Media0
5Edmonton Journal96Media0
5Guelph Gryphons96University (OUA)0

The Accessibility Gap

RankOrganizationScoreCategoryErrors
1Vancouver Sun (Canucks)61Media2
2Laurentian Voyageurs67University (OUA)2
3Hockey Yukon76Territorial Body8
3Calgary Hitmen76Major Junior (WHL)9
5Sportsnet77Broadcaster10

The Vancouver Sun's 61/100 is particularly troubling: it's 35 points behind sister publications Calgary Herald and Edmonton Journal, despite sharing parent company Postmedia.

What's Actually Broken: The Top 6 Barriers

1. Missing Alt Text (68% of sites) — CRITICAL

What it is: Images without text descriptions can't be read by screen readers. Who it affects: Blind and low-vision users relying on screen readers. Where we found it: Player rosters, game highlights, promotional graphics, team logos. Fix time: 2 to 4 hours.

2. Insufficient Color Contrast (54% of sites) — HIGH

What it is: Text that doesn't meet the 4.5:1 contrast ratio required by WCAG. Who it affects: Users with low vision or color-vision deficiency. Where we found it: Light gray text on white backgrounds, colored text on colored backgrounds, text over images. Fix time: 1 to 2 hours.

3. Missing Form Labels (47% of sites) — HIGH

What it is: Form inputs without proper labels prevent screen readers from identifying required information. Who it affects: Screen reader users completing transactions. Where we found it: Ticket purchasing, registration systems, newsletter signups, contact forms. Fix time: 2 to 3 hours.

4. Empty Links and Buttons (41% of sites) — MEDIUM

What it is: Links or buttons with no text content cannot be announced by screen readers. Who it affects: Screen reader users navigating sites. Where we found it: Icon-only navigation, "Read more" links, social media links, image links. Fix time: 1 to 2 hours.

5. No Skip Navigation (38% of sites) — MEDIUM

What it is: Without skip links, keyboard users must tab through entire navigation menus on every page. Who it affects: Keyboard-only users and screen reader users. Fix time: 30 minutes.

6. Poor Heading Structure (35% of sites) — MEDIUM

What it is: Illogical heading hierarchy (jumping from H1 to H4) confuses navigation. Who it affects: Screen reader users who rely on headings to understand page structure. Fix time: 2 to 3 hours.

Bottom line: All six issues require only basic web development knowledge to fix.

The Good News: Quick Wins Available

Most barriers are fixable with modest effort:

FixTime RequiredSites AffectedExpected Improvement
Add alt text to images2 to 4 hours68%+3 to +5 points
Fix color contrast1 to 2 hours54%+2 to +4 points
Add form labels2 to 3 hours47%+3 to +6 points
Add skip navigation30 minutes38%+2 to +3 points
  • Total investment: 6 to 10 hours
  • Expected improvement: +10 to +18 points
  • Cost if outsourced: $500 to $2,000

Cost comparison:

  • Basic fixes: $500 to $2,000
  • Accessibility complaint: $10,000 to $50,000
  • Legal proceedings: $50,000 to $100,000+

What We Found by Organization Type

The Professionals: Inconsistent Performance

Average: 88.1/100

The new PWHL outperformed established NHL teams, with three of four sites scoring above 90. This shows newer organizations build accessibility in from the start rather than retrofitting. Among NHL teams, Edmonton Oilers led at 90/100, while Ottawa Senators scored 85/100.

Universities: The Unexpected Leaders

Average: 88.6/100 (highest)

Universities consistently outperformed professional teams. Institutional policies and legal compliance requirements (like Ontario's AODA) create formal accountability that optional corporate initiatives lack. This explains why universities succeed despite smaller budgets. Top performers: Ottawa Gee-Gees (98), Guelph Gryphons (96), McMaster Marauders (94).

Media & Broadcasters: The 35-Point Gap

Average: 86.3/100 (wide variation)

The gap between best (Calgary Herald, 96) and worst (Vancouver Sun, 61) media outlets reveals inconsistent accessibility practices. Media accessibility is critical because news consumption is time-sensitive and video content requires captions. RDS and TSN tied at 95, while Sportsnet scored just 77.

Provincial Bodies: Registration Barriers

Average: 84.7/100

Provincial bodies manage critical registration systems and program information. Accessibility issues with forms and PDFs prevent families from registering children for hockey. Top performers: Hockey PEI (94), BC Hockey (92). Bottom: Hockey Manitoba (79), Hockey Yukon (76).

Geographic Patterns

Provincial Performance

Province/RegionAvg ScoreBest Performer
Quebec87.2Victoriaville Tigres (97)
Atlantic86.8Maritime Junior League (99)
Ontario85.6Ottawa Gee-Gees (98)
National Average84.5All sites
Alberta84.1Calgary Herald (96)
Prairies83.4Regina Cougars (92)
British Columbia81.3BC Hockey (92)

Why Quebec leads: Provincial web accessibility standards integrated into government requirements, cultural emphasis on language accessibility, and strong enforcement create a foundation for better digital inclusion.

Why BC lags: The Accessible BC Act only came into force in September 2021. Organizations are still adapting, unlike provinces with older legislation like Ontario's AODA (2005).

Language Drives Performance

Bilingual organizations scored 88.1/100, French sites scored 86.8, and English-only sites scored 83.7. Attention to language accessibility extends to broader accessibility standards.

Why Budget Doesn't Guarantee Accessibility

The Maritime Junior Hockey League (99/100) scored higher than every NHL team and major broadcaster despite having a fraction of their budget.

What top performers have in common:

  • Formal accessibility policies (not ad-hoc efforts)
  • Legal compliance requirements create accountability
  • Regular auditing schedules catch issues early
  • Staff training on accessibility basics
  • Accessible CMS platforms with built-in features

The lesson: Formal processes and institutional commitment beat big budgets and good intentions.

The Legal Landscape

Canadian accessibility legislation continues strengthening:

Federal: Accessible Canada Act (2019) applies to Hockey Canada and national broadcasters with phased implementation ongoing.

Provincial:

ProvinceLegislationYearStatus
OntarioAODA2005Active enforcement, fines issued
ManitobaAccessibility for Manitobans Act2013Phased implementation
Nova ScotiaAccessibility Act2017Standards development
BCAccessible BC Act2021Implementation phase (new)
QuebecWeb Accessibility StandardsOngoingIntegrated into govt

As legislation matures, enforcement is increasing. Proactive accessibility is significantly cheaper than reactive fixes after complaints or fines.

Action Steps for Organizations

Immediate (0 to 30 days):

Short-term (1 to 3 months):

  • Conduct comprehensive audit using multiple tools and manual review
  • Fix heading structure and add ARIA landmarks
  • Caption all video content
  • Make PDFs accessible
  • Train content editors on accessibility basics

Long-term (6 to 12 months):

  • Establish quarterly auditing schedule
  • Include accessibility requirements in procurement and RFPs
  • Test with people with disabilities
  • Share best practices within your sector

Methodology and Limitations

We tested 145 websites using achecker's Free Web Accessibility Checker in February and March 2026 against WCAG 2.1 Level AA standards.

Sites tested: 7 NHL teams, 4 PWHL teams, 6 AHL teams, 53 major junior teams, 33 university teams, 13 provincial bodies, and 29 media outlets.

Important limitations: Automated testing identifies common barriers but cannot assess alt text quality, evaluate keyboard navigation flows, determine content logic, or replace testing by people with disabilities. Automated tools typically catch 25 to 30% of accessibility issues.

Comprehensive evaluation requires:

  • Multiple automated tools (different tools catch different issues)
  • Manual expert review by accessibility specialists
  • Keyboard navigation testing
  • Screen reader testing (JAWS, NVDA, VoiceOver)
  • Testing by people with disabilities
  • Review of dynamic content and interactive features

These findings are indicators of potential barriers, not definitive compliance assessments. Organizations should conduct thorough evaluation before making decisions based on these results.

Complete Results: All 145 Sites Ranked

Sorted by accessibility score (highest to lowest). Scores reflect automated testing only.

RankOrganizationScoreErrorsWarningsCategoryRegion
1Maritime Junior Hockey League9901Junior A LeagueAtlantic
2Ottawa Gee-Gees9801University (OUA)Ontario
3Brantford Bulldogs9710Major Junior (OHL)Ontario
3Victoriaville Tigres9710Major Junior (QMJHL)Quebec
5Calgary Herald9604MediaAlberta
5Edmonton Journal9604MediaAlberta
5Guelph Gryphons9603University (OUA)Ontario
8Hockey Edmonton9513Regional BodyAlberta
8RDS9505BroadcasterNational
8TSN9505BroadcasterNational
11Hockey PEI9423Provincial BodyPEI
11McMaster Marauders9414University (OUA)Ontario
11Winnipeg Free Press9415MediaManitoba
14PWHL Montreal9233PWHLQuebec
14PWHL Ottawa9233PWHLOntario
14BC Hockey9231Provincial BodyBC
14Carleton Ravens9215University (OUA)Ontario
14Manitoba Bisons9224University (CW)Manitoba
14Regina Cougars9233University (CW)Saskatchewan
20PWHL League Site9143PWHLNational
20Daily Hive Hockey9141MediaNational
20Laurier Golden Hawks9113University (OUA)Ontario
20Windsor Lancers9134University (OUA)Ontario
24LNAH League9012Semi-ProQuebec
24PWHL Toronto9052PWHLOntario
24Edmonton Oilers9035NHLAlberta
24Ontario Hockey Federation9035Provincial BodyOntario
24Toronto Star9027MediaOntario
24Ottawa Citizen9036MediaOntario
24Toronto Varsity Blues9043University (OUA)Ontario
24McGill Redbirds/Martlets9035University (RSEQ)Quebec
24Alberta Golden Bears/Pandas9035University (CW)Alberta
33Toronto Marlies8936AHLOntario
33York Lions8944University (OUA)Ontario
33Oilers Nation8936MediaAlberta
33Canucks Army8936MediaBC
33The Ice Garden8946MediaMulti-Regional
38Calgary Flames8837NHLAlberta
38Calgary Wranglers8847AHLAlberta
38Hockey New Brunswick8836Provincial BodyNB
38Silver Seven Sens8843MediaOntario
38Moncton Aigles Bleues8852University (AUS)NB
38HockeyDB8817AnalyticsMulti-Regional
38HockeyFeed8834MediaNational
45Nova Scotia Hockey8754Provincial BodyNS
45Winnipeg Jets8747NHLManitoba
45Toronto Maple Leafs8746NHLOntario
45GTHL8746Municipal BodyOntario
45Alberta Junior Hockey League8755Junior A LeagueAlberta
45Charlottetown Islanders8745Major Junior (Q)PEI
45Shawinigan Cataractes8735Major Junior (Q)Quebec
45Trois-Rivières Lions8766ECHLQuebec
45Victory Press8736MediaMulti-Regional
45Queen's Gaels8712University (OUA)Ontario
45Toronto Metropolitan Bold8735University (OUA)Ontario
56Montreal Canadiens8656NHLQuebec
56Vancouver Canucks8655NHLBC
56Belleville Senators8656AHLOntario
56Saskatchewan Huskies8664University (CW)Saskatchewan
56Western Mustangs8656University (OUA)Ontario
56Montreal Carabins8663University (RSEQ)Quebec
56Hockey Reference8674AnalyticsMulti-Regional
63Ottawa Senators8566NHLOntario
63Laval Rocket8565AHLQuebec
63BC Hockey League8567Junior A LeagueBC
63The Hockey News8545MediaNational
63Daily Faceoff8555MediaNational
63Greater Ontario Junior Hockey League8576Junior B LeagueOntario
63Hockey Newfoundland and Labrador8574Provincial BodyNL
63UBC Thunderbirds8566University (CW)BC
71Manitoba Moose8457AHLManitoba
71Ontario Hockey League8476Major Junior LeagueOntario
71Ontario Junior Hockey League8387Junior A LeagueOntario
71Northern Ontario Junior Hockey League8478Junior A LeagueOntario
71Kootenay Intl Junior Hockey League8476Junior B LeagueBC
71Saskatchewan Junior Hockey League8479Junior A LeagueSaskatchewan
71PuckPedia8487AnalyticsNational
71Dobber Hockey8468AnalyticsNational
71Calgary Dinos8474University (CW)Alberta
80Abbotsford Canucks8325AHLBC
80Quebec Major Junior Hockey League8379Major Junior LeagueQuebec
80Cape Breton Eagles8376Major Junior (Q)NS
80Maple Leafs Hot Stove8349MediaOntario
80La Presse Sports8312MediaQuebec
80Le Journal de Montréal Hockey8356MediaQuebec
80Regina Pats8367Major Junior (WHL)Saskatchewan
80Saskatoon Blades8323Major Junior (WHL)Saskatchewan
80Mississauga Steelheads8312Major Junior (OHL)Ontario
80North Bay Battalion8376Major Junior (OHL)Ontario
80Hockey Alberta8347Provincial BodyAlberta
80U SPORTS8312National UniversityNational
80Acadia Axemen/Axewomen8312University (AUS)NS
80StFX X-Men/X-Women8312University (AUS)NS
80Saint Mary's Huskies8312University (AUS)NS
80Dalhousie Tigers8312University (AUS)NS
80UPEI Panthers8312University (AUS)PEI
80Money Puck8334AnalyticsNational
98Western Hockey League8296Major Junior LeagueMulti-Regional
98Rouyn-Noranda Huskies8277Major Junior (Q)Quebec
98Windsor Spitfires8277Major Junior (OHL)Ontario
98Hamilton Bulldogs8296Major Junior (OHL)Ontario
98Lethbridge Hurricanes8276Major Junior (WHL)Alberta
98Hockey Saskatchewan8255Provincial BodySaskatchewan
98Hockey Québec8277Provincial BodyQuebec
98Elite Prospects8297AnalyticsMulti-Regional
106Brampton Steelheads8188Major Junior (OHL)Ontario
106Kamloops Blazers8177Major Junior (WHL)BC
106Prince George Cougars8186Major Junior (WHL)BC
106Hockey Calgary8186Municipal BodyAlberta
106Canadian Hockey League8197National GoverningNational
111Brandon Wheat Kings8088Major Junior (WHL)Manitoba
111London Knights8087Major Junior (OHL)Ontario
111Medicine Hat Tigers8087Major Junior (WHL)Alberta
111Moose Jaw Warriors8086Major Junior (WHL)Saskatchewan
111Ottawa 67's8088Major Junior (OHL)Ontario
111Peterborough Petes80811Major Junior (OHL)Ontario
111Rimouski Océanic8087Major Junior (Q)Quebec
111Sudbury Wolves8088Major Junior (OHL)Ontario
111Swift Current Broncos8087Major Junior (WHL)Saskatchewan
111Halifax Mooseheads8097Major Junior (Q)NS
121Red Deer Rebels7999Major Junior (WHL)Alberta
121Victoria Royals7989Major Junior (WHL)BC
121Barrie Colts7998Major Junior (OHL)Ontario
121Guelph Storm79810Major Junior (OHL)Ontario
121Kingston Frontenacs7998Major Junior (OHL)Ontario
121Niagara IceDogs7997Major Junior (OHL)Ontario
121Owen Sound Attack79710Major Junior (OHL)Ontario
121Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds79108Major Junior (OHL)Ontario
121TVA Sports7975BroadcasterQuebec
121Hockey Manitoba79108Provincial BodyManitoba
131Kitchener Rangers78810Major Junior (OHL)Ontario
131Sarnia Sting7889Major Junior (OHL)Ontario
131Vancouver Giants7898Major Junior (WHL)BC
131Natural Stat Trick7857AnalyticsNational
135Edmonton Oil Kings7799Major Junior (WHL)Alberta
135Kelowna Rockets771010Major Junior (WHL)BC
135Sportsnet77109BroadcasterNational
138Calgary Hitmen76911Major Junior (WHL)Alberta
138Hockey Yukon7687Territorial BodyYukon
140Laurentian Voyageurs6722University (OUA)Ontario
141Vancouver Sun (Canucks)6123MediaBC

Score = achecker accessibility score out of 100. Errors = detected accessibility errors. Warnings = potential issues flagged.

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